A Guide to Canine Nail Injuries

Canine nail and dew claw injuries are among the more common injuries that occur, particularly in more active dogs or in dogs who do not get frequent pedicures, as long nails are more prone to breakage.

A dog will a broken or cracked toenail will often experience excruciating pain, limping and significant bleeding, so first aid will be required, particularly if an immediate visit to the veterinarian's office is not possible

In some instances, nail injuries will not heal on their own. A vertical crack that runs the length of the nail will spread up the nail as it grows, creating significant discomfort, pain and potential for infection.

In other cases, the nail breaks close to the base, affecting the live portion of the nail, known as the quick. This type of injury is not only painful, but the dog's foot will be prone to bleeding and to infection.

In many cases of cracked or broken nails, a veterinarian will need to administer general anesthesia to de-shell or trim back the damaged portion of nail, therefore allowing proper healing to occur. Antibiotics and bandaging are often required to help promote healing and immediately following a de-shelling or trimming procedure, it is not uncommon for the injured dog to receive a prescription for pain and anti-inflammatory medications.

Dr. Michael Levine, DVM, offered these tips for treating a nail injury at home, as proper treatment immediately following the injury will help ward off infection until the pet can be examined by a vet.

* If a dog's toenail appears to be damaged, trim the dog's nail as much as possible and use caution to avoid the live portion of the nail, also known as the quick. A shorter nail will be less apt to catch and make contact with the ground when the dog walks, making steps less painful. Trimming and manipulation of the damaged nail can be very painful, so muzzling is recommended.

* Stop bleeding by applying styptic powder, or in a pinch, use cornstarch or even flour to help promote clotting.

* Once the bleeding has stopped, the foot must be washed with an anti-bacterial soap like Dial, and then disinfected using Betadine. Pour the Betadine over the nail and allow the liquid to air dry.

* Next, apply a dab of antibiotic ointment to help promote healing.

* Conclude by wrapping the foot and ankle in rolled gauze using a figure 8 pattern. The wrapping should be firm, but not tight to help ensure proper circulation to the foot and toes. Then use a self-adhering Ace bandage and wrap over the gauze in the same "figure-8" pattern, as this will make for a more durable bandage that's more suitable for walking.

The dog's injured nail must be cleaned, disinfected and dressed twice daily until healed.