A Rational Cosmology: A Refutation of the Particle-Wave Duality of Entities

Hence, a "wave" is not some otherworldly substance coequal with a "particle" and necessarily defining all entities. Rather, at its core, a wave is merely one of the ways some entities can induce motion in others.

For example, the physical machinery within a loudspeaker might push the air molecules immediately in its vicinity in a certain direction, and those molecules might push those still further off in slightly altered directions, and so forth, until this chain series of pushes reaches its terminus upon the eardrum of the listener.

A wave is indeed an extremely intricate set of motions, as its periodic nature requires that given entities orient themselves in precisely the proper directions to "push" the entities immediately adjacent to them. Nevertheless, the entities which originate the waves are observably capable of bringing about such complexity in their relationships with the entities thus "pushed."

Along with the complexity of wave relationships is apparent their derived nature from simpler and more fundamental concepts, such as those of material entities, relationships, space, time, and motion.

This insight should evidently exclude any notions that waves might be placed on an equal physical, metaphysical, or epistemological level to particles. Physically, they are interactions among particles (or, more generally, entities). Metaphysically, they are relationships among entities. Epistemologically, an entire chain of concepts is required to derive the concept of a "wave," all of which themselves are established, through a lengthy logical sequence, from examination of entities and their properties.

Without entities, neither waves nor anything else can exist. Of course, as proved earlier, the altogether cessation of the existence of entities is logically impossible.

Waves cannot exist without entities, but some entities can conceivably exist without waves, i.e., neither triggering nor partaking in such periodic disturbances. Indeed, if waves are just relationships of motion, it is entirely conceivable for an entity to be static during a given time period (i.e. experience no change in its three spatial parameters) or to undertake motion of a different sort, either non-periodic or not involving the astounding multiplicity of entities required to exhibit a wave relationship.

How many such entities exist in comparison with the entities that constantly partake in wave relationships is not cosmology's question to answer, but rather that of physics, yet cosmology can state beyond doubt that the proposition that wave properties are somehow inherent to all entities is absurd.

Indeed, were a single entity placed in a vacuum and separated from the air molecules and other entities in its vicinity, it would never be able to exhibit wave relationships, as it would have no other entities to contact and induce periodic vibrations in! This would hold no matter how frequently or constantly the entity would exhibit wave relationships under normal circumstances, thus further verifying that waves can never be said to be inextricably inherent to entities.

Read other parts of "A Rational Cosmology" by clicking here.