About Addison's Disease

Addison's disease can affect anyone regardless of age, gender or heritage. This condition occurs when the body doesn't make enough cortisol and in some cases it may produce insufficient amounts of aldoterone. This is a severe condition that is considered life threatening without proper treatment. This condition is sometimes referred to as hypocortisolism or adrenal insufficiency.

Causes

Damage to the adrenal cortex is the main cause of Addison's disease; however, there is also a form of the disease that is caused by autoimmune abnormalities. Tumors, autoimmune diseases, infections, HIV, tuberculosis, fungal infections, and hemorrhaging are all possible causes of this disease. People who use blood thinners may also develop Addison's disease.

Common Symptoms

People who suffer from Addision's disease may crave salt and have low blood pressure. Weight loss, fatigue, muscle weakness and pain, depression, joint pain, gastrointestinal upset and hyperpigmentation (darkened spots of skin) are also symptoms commonly reported in patients suffering from Addison's disease. These symptoms often become apparent very slowly.

Severe Symptoms

A person with Addison's disease may suddenly develop symptoms of acute adrenal failure, which is also known as an addisonian crisis. This is a medical emergency and warrants a trip to an emergency room. Symptoms of this include low blood pressure that may lead to fainting or an altered state of consciousness, dehydration caused by extreme diarrhea and vomiting, and severe lower abdominal, back or leg pain.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing Addison's disease usually consists of blood tests to measure cortisol, sodium and potassium. In addition, the doctor may give you an injection of synthetic ACTH, a chemical that tells your body to make cortisol. Before and after the injection your cortisol level will be checked. CT scans, MRIs and blood glucose testing may also be ordered.

Treatments

Hormone therapy is the primary treatment option for Addison's disease. Corticosteroids by mouth or injection are sometimes used. A person who is suffering from severe symptoms may require injections of dextrose, saline or hydrocortisone to get potassium, blood sugar and blood pressure under control.

Lifestyle Changes

Taking in ample sodium can help to minimize the effects of this condition. This is especially important when diarrhea or heavy sweating occur. A healthy diet and exercise program are also important to help control the symptoms of this condition.

Conclusion

By following the medication regime prescribed by a doctor and making the necessary lifestyle changes, a patient with Addison's disease can expect to live a fairly normal life.

Sources

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000378.htm