A properly coded website that validates using the W3C HTML Validator is the first thing step in creating an accessible website. Ensure all of your pages validate using the appropriate DOCTYPE. A validated webpage means that it will be cross browser compliant, there are exceptions of course depending on the browser, but for the most part will eliminate browser issues. Depending on skill level and application, you will want to use one of the DOCTYPES found here.
Images
All images should use the alt tag to better describe what the image is. If you mouse over an image, a description box should appear showing a description of the image. The alt tag will show a non-visual user what each image is.
Links
All links should have the title attribute. This will again assist non-visual users to better understand where each link leads. An example would be
Example: Accessibility
All links should avoid using a popup or opening a new window. Non-visual users could get confused that a new window has opened thus not enabling them to use their back button.
PDFs
PDFs are not accessible by non-visual users as PDFs are images, there are converters so that your PDF can be converted to HTML.
Javascript
Using Javascript for your navigation disables users from navigating that have Javascript disable on there browser. If you still want to use Javascript, make sure you have a 'noscript' alternative .
This is just a basic outline of accessibility, there are a lot of other things that you can do, but this would be a great starting place. There is also an Accessibility Validator that you could use to see how your website fares now.
An example of an accessible website can be found here.
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