Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

Autism spectrum disorders are neurological in nature and cause lifelong developmental disabilities. The disorders share similar groups of symptoms but the level of impairment ranges from mild cases to those who seem totally wrapped up in a world of their own

What are Autism Spectrum Disorders

The autism spectrum includes the following disorders:

• Autistic disorder

• Asperger's syndrome

• Rett's disorder

• Childhood disintegrative disorder

• Pervasive developmental disorder: Not otherwise specified

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

There are six major symptoms of autism and depending on the disorder, some of these may be more pronounced than others. Autism spectrum disorders in children can be diagnosed from a young age allowing more time for therapists to work with them and help them reach their full potential. The six symptom groups are as follows:

• Autism is accompanied by a lack of normal social skills. The child appears uninterested in others and may avoid eye contact. If touched, the child may stiffen and pull away. There is little emotional bonding visible unless the child is on the high-functioning end of the spectrum.

• Communication and language problems are present across the autism spectrum. Approximately 40% of autistic children are nonverbal while others have echolalia where they repeat a word or phrase or something that has been said to them. Other speech problems include problems with pronouns, a flat monotonous tone or using words incorrectly.

• Repetitive behavior patterns are commonly seen and may include actions such as repeatedly spinning wheels on a toy. Other children may rock, spin or hand flap. Those with high functioning autism often have an obsession with a certain topic or interest that consumes much time and energy.

• Autism spectrum disorders in children often include abnormal sensory responses. Their five senses may be extra sensitive and sounds, touches, tastes and smells that would not worry a neurotypical person can cause extreme pain and discomfort.

• Developmental delays are part of the autism spectrum and vary from child to child. Some may be behind in all areas of development while others may be advanced and gifted in certain areas but lag way behind in others.

• Autism is a condition that becomes apparent during infancy or childhood and is often diagnosed before the age of three. It is a lifelong disorder that is present from birth.

Effects of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Children set them apart from their peers due to the differences in their behavior and understanding. Depending on their level of function, children may seem to be isolated from the world and wrapped up in themselves. Communication is minimal and parents do not know what their child is thinking or wanting.

Children that are on the high functioning end of the spectrum may be rejected and bullied by peers due to the differences in the way they behave. Many of them desire friendship but are clumsy in their attempts to socialize.

With focused therapy, many children with autism make progress and learn to communicate to a certain degree. Treatment is ongoing and generally an intensive process that needs continual reinforcement by parents and family members.

References

Children with Autism - A Parent's Guide by Michael D Powers , Woodbine House, 2000

http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/a/autism