Automotive 101 - Checking the Fluids

Checking the fluids and making sure everything is at the proper level will not only extend the life of the components, but may prevent safety hazards. At first, it may be difficult to find all the locations and figure out what fluids go where, but after a couple times it becomes old hat. Get in the habit of checking your vehicle's fluids, if for nothing else but to maintain safety. For many of these steps, a shop or owner's manual can come in handy.

Coolant Level

Some vehicles receive coolant directly into the radiator via a cap, while others require pouring it into a remote pressure bottle. Whichever system your vehicle uses, check the coolant level regularly. Also, routinely inspect the pressure cap to ensure that everything is doing its job. Some vehicles require special coolant, so do a little research before filling up.

Power steering

Most power steering systems will begin to squeal or vibrate when they are low on fluid, but by then it could be too late. Keep an eye on the level in the pump to extend the life of the power steering. TIP: In many cases, ATF will work as a substitute for power steering fluid.

Engine Oil

Engines that are low on oil may not receive adequate lubrication, which in turn could result in complete engine failure. It is absolutely imperative to routinely check and change the oil to ensure a long engine life.

Brake Fluid

This is one of the safety areas. If the brake system gets low on fluid, it allows air to build in the lines, which renders the brakes useless. Keep a close eye on the brake fluid level, whether your vehicle has power or manual brakes.

Transmission Fluid

Whether your vehicle is an automatic or standard (manual) transmission, it requires fluid to lubricate and cool it. An automatic transmission uses ATF (automatic transmission fluid), while the standard variety requires gear oil. Automatics usually begin to slip when low on fluid, and will eventually burn up. A standard will just burn up, likely with little or no warning.

Clutch Fluid

If your vehicle has a standard transmission and a hydraulic clutch, there is a master cylinder that requires fluid. If you aren't sure how to find it, the clutch master cylinder is usually located along the firewall near the brake master cylinder. Many hydraulic clutch systems use DOT 3 brake fluid, but some call for other types of fluid, so be sure before refilling.

Differential Oil

If your vehicle has a live axle under it, the differential gears require oiling. Normally, 90-weight gear oil is sufficient, but check the manufacturer's recommendations before oiling. If the ring and pinion gears go without oil for any amount of time, they can lock up and literally melt.

Wiper Fluid

While not at the top of everyone's list, wiper fluid can really be helpful in a pinch. Some folks use glass cleaner or actual wiper fluid in the reservoir, but simple water will suffice. Dirt and debris on the windshield can impair clear sight and intensify incoming light, causing a horribly unsafe situation.