Boolean Logic and ActivePerlConditions

Introduction
This is part 6 of my series, Basics of ActivePerl. In this part of the series we apply Boolean logic to ActivePerl conditions.

Note: If you cannot see the code or if you think anything is missing (broken link, image absent), just contact me at forchatrans@yahoo.com. That is, contact me for the slightest problem you have about what you are reading.

Single Expression Example
Consider the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $me = "tall";

if ($me eq "tall")
{
print 'I am tall';
}

Read and try the code. eq means, equal to. In the condition (parentheses of if) there is only one expression, which is, $me eq "tall". Do not confuse between my and me. my is a reserved word and me preceded by $ in the code, is a variable name. If this expression results in true, the if-block will be executed.

In Perl or ActivePerl the number 1 means true in a condition and the number 0 means false. In fact any number except 0 means true; but do not worry about that for now. The above if-statement is equivalent to

if (1)
{
print 'I am tall';
}

For this second if-statement to be executed, you do not need the creation of the variable and its assignment. Read and try the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $me = "tall";

if (1)
{
print 'I am tall';
}

Let us look at a case where the condition results in false. Consider the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $me = "short";

if ($me eq "tall")
{
print 'I am tall';
}

The if-block (curly braces) in the above code will not be executed, because the condition results in false, since the value of the variable, $me, is "short" and not "tall". The above if-statement is equivalent to:

if (0)
{
print 'I am tall';
}

The if-block can only be executed if the condition is true. In this last case it is not executed, since zero means false.

More than One Expression in Condition
You can have more than one expression in a condition. In this part of the series, I consider a maximum of two expressions in a condition. Each of the expressions results in true or false. The expressions are combined with the AND, OR or NOT operators. The AND operator is typed as, &&. The OR operator is typed as, || . The NOT Operator is typed as ! . &&, || , and ! are called logical operators. With logical operators, the rules in the previous part of the series can be rewritten as:

AND
(false) && (false) = false
(false) && (true) = false
(true) && (false) = false
(true) && (true) = true

OR
(false) || (false) = false
(false) || (true) = true
(true) || (false) = true
(true) || (true) = true

NOT
!(false) = true
!(true) = false

Double-Expression Examples
The if-block will not be executed in the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

if ((0)&&(1))
{
print 'We are tall';
}

A practical example for the above code is:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $you = "tall";
my $me = "tall";

if (($you eq "short")&&($me eq "tall"))
{
print 'We are tall';
}

"tall" is assigned to the variable, $you, and also to the variable, $me. The first expression in the condition results in false and the second one results in true. (false)&&(true) gives false as the effective Boolean value for the condition. So the block is not executed.

The if-block will be executed in the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $you = "tall";
my $me = "tall";

if ((0)||(1))
{
print 'Either of us is tall';
}

A practical example for the above code is:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $you = "tall";
my $me = "tall";

if (($you == "short")||($me == "tall"))
{
print 'Either of us is tall';
}

Read the above code. Try it. The first expression results in false; the second one results in true. The effective condition is true, since (false)||(true) gives true.

NOT Examples
The if-block will be executed in the following code:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

if (!(0))
{
print 'I am tall';
}

The if-block is executed, if the condition is true. !(false) gives true.

A practical example for the above code is:

use strict;

print "Content-Type: text/html\n\n";

my $me = "tall";

if (!($me eq "short"))
{
print 'I am tall';
}

elsif and else
You can still add the elsif and else sub statements to the above code samples, following what we learned in one of the previous parts of the series.

Let us stop here and continue in the next part of the series.

Chrys