Cancer: The Natural Chemo Prevention of Cancer

The CLA, a new class of fatty acids protects from cancer. Isomers of diene-conjugated linoleic acid (conjugated linoleic acid or CLA), in contrast to linoleic acid studied for its potential role in promoting cancer, have antiproliferative actions and anti-tumor. The anti-tumor effects of CLA have been confirmed for cancers of the skin, stomach, pancreas, liver, lung and breast. They carried out both in the initiation phase and then in the promotion and tumor growth. The rate of CLA fatty breast tissue is inversely proportional to the risk of breast cancer. This suggests a strong protective role of these compounds in breast carcinogenesis.

The results of a study on the maturation of breast cells indicate that exposure to CLA may alter the development of target cells that are normally subjected to change carcinoma. A diet rich in CLA can block the local growth and spread of breast cancer, through mechanisms independent of the immune system of the host. Against the lack of effect of CLA on lines or on particularly aggressive tumors established suggests that they are not acting on cells that have completed their cancerous transformation. Their inhibitory effects rather expose itself at an early stage of carcinogenesis.

The protective activity of CLA appears at concentrations similar to those made by a normal diet. The CLA provides other protections, they are cholesterol-lowering and anti-atherogenic and they modulate the allergic response of diabetes and obesity. Their derivative assets, the isomer cis-9, trans-11 linoleic acid, is effective at low levels in the diet (1% against 10% for marine fats). Their activity is independent of the nature of the other fatty acids from the diet, contrary to the W3.

Alkylglycérols protect the sharks, and perhaps cancer in humans.

Sharks have not changed since nearly 400 million years. They live an average of 100 years and have a remarkably efficient immune system. They heal very quickly and are protected from most diseases, especially cancer. The alkylglycérols, found in the liver of sharks, are partly responsible for this protection against cancer.

The liver oil of sharks is very important. It may represent up to 25% of its weight and 50% of this oil is in the form of alkylglycérols. These fatty acids also present in human milk but in smaller quantity (woman milk has ten times more than alkylglycérols cow milk). The alkylglycérols are intervened in the immune system.

They activate and modulate the production of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and activity of platelet aggregation factor, which promote antibody production and help to eliminate mercury. In addition, alkylglycérols inhibit the growth of cancerous tumors and reduce the toxicity of radiation in radiotherapy.

The survival rate of patients with cancer and with alkylglycérols increased after three years of treatment, the mortality rate reached 19% in patients supplemented with alkylglycérols following radiotherapy, against 30% among those who were not. In addition, administered at the start of radiotherapy, alkylglycérols could slow the progression of tumors and patients lived longer when they were supplemented with alkylglycérols. The alkylglycérols seems to be more effective when patient is a woman under 60.

Drink several cups of green tea per day to help yourself with it.

The results of studies of populations living in areas of high risk for lung cancer, stomach or esophagus, indicated that regular drinkers of green tea had rates of incidence and mortality lower for these types cancer.

Several studies confirm the anticancer benefit of green tea:

- Prostate cancer: A case-control study conducted on over 1200 Canadian focused on the relationship between prostate cancer, consumption of alcoholic and other beverages, including tea, coffee and cola. Of all beverages studied, only tea (more than 2 cups per day) showed that it could reduce the risk of prostate cancer (second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among Canadian).

- Digestive Cancers: In a Chinese study on 930 persons, consumption of tea decreased the risk of colon cancer, rectum cancer and pancreas cancer too. More the consumption green tea by people, the greater was the protection against cancers seen. In studies conducted in Oregon by Roderick, the consumption of green tea and black tea inhibited the formation and development of early pre-cancerous lesions in rats. The polyphenols in green tea could inhibit the activity of carcinogens such as nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines.

- Skin cancer: in animals, the administration of extracts of green tea or black tea was effective in preventing cancer induced by chemical carcinogens or by ultraviolet light.

- Oral cancer: The study of Jushi Chen (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine in Beijing) is the first study demonstrating the existence of a direct link between the preventive effects of tea and cancer in humans . For six months, 59 patients with oral lesions pre-cancer were studied. Treatment included a mixture of components of green tea and black tea, taken orally and applied directly to lesions, helped significantly improve clinical signs and inhibited the proliferation of precancerous cells.

- Lung cancer: Japanese Smokers reduced their risk of lung cancer by drinking green tea by upto 45%, and this explained why Japan has both the highest percentage of smokers in the industrialized world and the lowest rate of lung cancer. According to a Japanese study, consumption of large quantities of green tea (at least 10 cups per day) dramatically reduced the progression of already initiated cancer: patients with lung cancer and heavy drinkers of green tea, lived on average a 3 years longer in case of men and 8.5 years more in case of women compared to those who drank less than 3 cups per day. In studies of animal, tea polyphenols showed inhibitory effect against carcinogens derived from tobacco. In addition, I Klauning, a pharmacologist of Indiana, found that consumption of green tea and black tea decreased oxidative stress, especially among smokers. During an experiment, the administration of green tea voluntarily reduced the number of lung metastases.

The inhibitory effects of green tea in the development of cancer are the result of several mechanisms that can operate individually or together:

1 - Green tea inhibits the formation of carcinogenic reagents by blocking certain oxidation reactions that produces abnormal DNA. It particularly inhibits the formation of a stable product, 8-hydroxy-désoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), a marker of oxidative damage to DNA. The researchers focused on an important component of green tea, the épigallocatéchingallate (EGCG). The ECGC is a catechin (a polyphenol) abundant in green tea, but absent in black tea. EGCG is known to be much more powerful than vitamin E against free radicals.

2 - Green tea slows down cell proliferation, particularly of abnormal cells that is usually found at the beginning of illness, indicating that the growth of cancer is inhibited. EGCG inhibits the release of TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and reduces the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, biomarkers of colon and stomach cancers. It breaks the DNA of the cancer cell, causing the apoptosis (programmed cell death).

3 - Green tea is changing the composition of intestinal bacteria by promoting beneficial bacteria and preventing the development of those substances that generate unfavorable bacteria such as ammonia that can promote cancer.

4 - In green tea, there is a substance inhibiting an enzyme essential for tumor growth in which the property is to degrade the surrounding tissue. A prominent representative of this class of enzyme known as urokinase is produced in large quantities by the cancer cells. In animal experiments, success in reducing tumors was proved. The ECGC has shown cytostatic efficiency (which inhibits cell multiplication) less than a chemical inhibitor of urokinase, but it can be consumed in much larger quantity without any side effects.

The events of the preventive effects of catechins or inhibitors are: reduction in the number and size of tumors and a decrease in morbidity and prolongation of life of cancer patients.

The green tea polyphenols are active at stages of cancer initiation, promotion and progression. They have shown protective effects against lung cancers, digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum), pancreas, liver, skin, prostate, and breast. The fact that green tea has no toxicity and has multiple health benefits helps physicians to advise this drink as supplementation.
Garlic, a guard ignored Cancer

Garlic belongs to the group of plants alliacées. It contains allicin, which is used for its pharmaceutical advantage (antibiotics and antithrombotics) for centuries. Many pharmacological properties are attributed to cholesterol, anticoagulant, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anticarcinogenic actions. The administration of high doses of garlic rodents inhibited tumor formation.

Garlic increases the latency (time it takes for the tumor to grow) and decreases the incidence of mammary tumors in rats who received the organosulfur component of garlic powder (2 to 4% in a system).

Although the specificity of organosulfur compounds has not been identified, the concentrated garlic extract inhibits the growth of tumors transplanted or chemically initiated when administered orally in mice and rats. 20 g/kg of garlic extract inhibited the fixation on the DNA of a toxic charge of tumors in breast tissue.

It has anti-cancer initiators of different organs (stomach, esophagus, liver, lung, breast). Studies in China, where the mortality rate of stomach cancer is particularly high, have shown that subjects consuming garlic have lower risk as compared to others in the development of stomach cancer.

It as anti-promoter, however, remains controversial. Peritoneal injection of concentrated garlic followed by an injection of cyclophosphamide (an immunosuppressant), the tumor cells were compared with the injection of tumor cells and garlic 14 days later. The mice that received the extract of garlic and cyclophosphamide survived longer than those who received extract only. The result of this study shows that garlic extract protects normal cells against cytotoxic agents. Eat cabbage at least three times a week.

The isothiocyanates (sulfur molecules) are components common to cruciferous plants (all kinds of cabbage, especially broccoli).

The volatile isothiocyanate is released by thioglucosides vegetables and contributes to the smell and the taste of cole. More than 20 natural and synthetic isothiocyanates have been studied for their anticarcinogenic capacity. The allyl isothiocyanate is present in the cabbage. It is used by the food industry to give the strength of the brown mustard. The sulforaphane was isolated from broccoli when the potential of "putting into service" of detoxification enzymes on cell cultures of mouse liver was observed.

Broccoli sprouts aged 2 to 3 days the food source are the richest in sulforaphane. They contain 20 to 50 times more sulforaphane than adult broccoli. The isothiocyanates decreased toxicity and accelerated the elimination of toxic and carcinogenic substances. The isothiocyanates appeared as inhibitors of nitrosamine and polycyclic hydrocarbons against the carcinogenic tobacco-specific lung cancer and nasal cavity. The isothiocyanates prevented cancer of the breast and lung. They inhibited the development of breast, lung and esophageal tumors. The isothiocyanates altered the metabolic pathways of carcinogens and / or assisted the body in detoxifying carcinogens.

Inhibition of cytochrome P450 activation and the increase of gluthation by mediation of sulfotransferase has been demonstrated for many isothiocyanates. These are substrates and inducers of glutathione transferase. Blocking cell cycle by isothiocyanates suggests they were capable of preventing cell proliferation and stop the events of cancer. Isothiocyanates inhibit the metabolic oxidation of a number of carcinogens and reduce the impact on DNA.

Quercetin, a flavonoid anticancer agent.

Flavonoids are used for their ability to inhibit allergy, inflammation, viral diseases in carcinogenesis. All flavonoids have different properties. Flavonoids are present in fruits and vegetables too. The flavonoid quercetin is the most abundant and most studied of agent of our diet. The bioavailability of quercetin depends on its degree of glycosylation. It is present in the form of glycosides with one or two glucose residues in the onion which is one of the main dietary sources of flavonoids.

Once absorbed, flavonoids are never present in their native plant, they are in déglycosylée together and with various groups such as: methyl, sulfate, glucuronide. Part of flavonoids excreted in bile are reabsorbed (enterohepatic cycle).

Recent studies have focused on the ability of quercetin to prevent carcinogenesis. Quercetin is effective in preventing skin cancer in two animal of cancer. The incorporation of 2% quercetin in the diet decreased the incidence of colon cancer in animals, while 4% of rutin (equivalent to 2% of quercetin), had no effect. Another study confirmed that the appearance of abnormal crypts in the colon is prevented by quercetin.

Quercetin has been demonstrated effective in preventing cell proliferation and carcinogenesis in many other models. Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain the inhibition of carcinogenesis by quercetin. The topoisomerases are enzymes causing bending of the DNA during replication and transcription, responsible for tumor development. Quercetin is antagonistic of topoisomerases I and II produced by tumor cells. Quercetin also has anti-inflammatory properties. The cycle of cell replication can be divided into four: G1, S (synthesis) where cellular DNA is replicated, G2, M (mitosis), which replicated separate chromosomes. Quercetin was induced in certain tumor cells (T-cell lymphoma, colon cancer) cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Quercetin induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) in tumor cells, leading to fragmentation of their nuclei and condensation of nuclear chromatin.

Curcumin and resveratrol, two new phytonutrient effective in preventing cancer.

Curcumin (diféruloylméthane) is a yellow pigment extracted from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (curry). Curcumin appears to be effective in animals in leukemias, lymphomas, and colon, skin (melanoma), kidney and breast cancers.

A study of patients with oral cancer and skin showed that 18 months of treatment with curcumin can reduce the smell of ulcerative lesions, itching and pus, pain and size of lesions tumor.

Curcumin inhibits carcinogenesis in the stages of initiation, promotion and progression of cancer. A diet including Curcumin, the ß-carotene and the hesperidin (a flavonoid), during the initiation phases of cancer induced reduction of carcinomas in rats.

The order of effectiveness in the prevention of cancer: Curcumin> ß-carotene> hesperidin.

Moreover, the level of polyamines (markers of tumor development) has been lowered by this chemoprevention. In the same way, curcumin is more effective than quercetin in a model of breast cancer. Curcumin, taken in the diet, reduced the number of tumors of the stomach induced by benzo (a) pyrene (a mutagen that appears when cooking on the barbecue), even if administered after exposure to this mutagen.

Curcumin has the ability to modulate the expression of proto-oncogenes, genes responsible for tumor proliferation (c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, bcl-XL). It also inhibits the activity of protein kinase C and tyrosine kinase in tumor cells (mediators of signal), thus blocking the signal transduction (transfer of the message) of these cells and the mechanism by inducing their apoptosis in phases promotion and progression.

The combination of curcumin, vitamin A and vitamin D3 improves the effectiveness of the treatment of leukemia promyéloïde.

This effect of curcumin is due to the marked inhibition of the activity of proto-oncogene NF-kappa-B. It inhibits the transformation by the virus of the Epstein Barr, B cell lymphoma (cancer of the lymph nodes). Inhibition of tumor growth depends on the timing and amount of administration of curcumin. The intensity of this inhibition is correlated with the inhibition of the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. Curcumin stops the cell cycle at S/G2 phase and G2 / M. It stimulates the activity of two antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification of products of lipid peroxidation: the glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase.

Curcumin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent which reduces the production of TNF alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and inhibits the activity of the enzyme COX-2, a cyclooxygenase, thereby decreasing the synthesis of inflammatory prostaglandins and thromboxanes of the 2 series .

It also inhibits lipoxygenase, reducing the production of allergy mediators from arachidonic acid. It decreases the rate of terminal lipoperoxydation (Malone dialdehyde).

Curcumin has (reduced) anti-angiogenic properties, i.e. it reduces the proliferation of néovaisseaux necessary for the development of solid tumors. This property is explained by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in cells of the vascular endothelium. Curcumin reduces both the number and volume of tumors. Finally, curcumin was effective to inhibit the estrogenic effects of pesticides and chemicals in the environment.

Resveratrol (3,5,4 '-TRIHYDROXY-trans-stilbene) is a phytoalexin present in grapes. It demonstrated its effectiveness in animal models of carcinogenesis in breast cancer, skin, prostate and colon cancer. Resveratrol is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that inhibits COX-1 and COX-2.

Resveratrol is an antioxidant substance. It normalizes the rate of myeloperoxidase activity and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase). It restores the levels of glutathione. It is anti-mutagenic by three different mechanisms, inhibiting both the initiation, promotion and proliferation of cancer cells.

It promotes differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells, ie it allows the return to the normal state of these tumor cells. Although it increases the expression of estrogen receptor in breast tumor cells, it has a direct anti-proliferative towards mammary epithelial cells by stimulating the expression of CD95 receptor. It stops the cell cycle at S/G2 phase and G2 / M. It promotes apoptosis (programmed cell death) of tumor cells by activating the protooncogene p-53 and inhibiting the protooncogene bcl-2. It blocks the signal transduction of tumor cells by inhibiting inducible NO synthase, protein kinase C and activation of nuclear factor NF-kappa-B. At the level of the prostate, it prevents the initiation and development of prostate cancer and reduces the synthesis of PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen). Furthermore, it selectively inhibits the cytochrome P450 1A1 and the synthesis of metalloproteinases, degrading the extra-cellular matrix. Flavonoids, including quercetin and chrysin, by inhibiting the liver and duodenal sulfoconjugaison resveratrol, limiting its bioavailability. This competition is not between resveratrol and catechin (green tea extract).

Currently, six major phytonutrients (allicin, catechin (EGCG), quercetin, isothiocyanates (sulforaphane), curcumin and resveratrol) are at our disposal in the form of supplements in preventive treatment of cancer, even curative adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation or of surgery. All these substances have confirmed their effectiveness in animals, but only the effects of tea have been demonstrated in humans.

The 03 protect tumor effects induced by the O6

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) appear to play a role in cancer development. The quantity and distribution of different families of PUFA lipids are involved. In modeling studies of mammary carcinogenesis, fish oils appear to inhibit tumor growth as well as metastases. These are the AGPI O3 involved. A-linolenic acid, one of O3 has a stronger inhibitory effect of the growth of breast tumors and metastases that EPA and DHA (other O3). This suggests a specific protective effect of a-linolenic acid in mammary carcinogenesis

The combination of this fatty acid with EPA and DHA has an inhibitory effect on metastasis of mammary adenocarcinoma cells. The O6 (linoleic acid), in the absence of O3 (which is the case of sunflower oil) are promoters of breast cancer. The W3 have no inhibitory effect on mammary carcinogenesis when intakes of O6 are too high or insufficient. Only when the contributions in O3 and O6 are equivalent as the anti-tumor, effects of O3 are expressed. The W3 could eliminate the stimulation exerted by the tumor O6. A significant acid supplementation alinolénique and DHA (O3) is particularly recommended in cases of cancer reported in conjunction with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/275/5297/218
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chemopreventive_agents