Canine Parvovirus: Symptoms and Prevention

Parvovirus is an extremely contagious virus that can have serious threats to a dog's life. Parvovirus, or CPV-2, is primarily spread through fecal matter as well as direct contact with dogs that are carrying the virus.

The virus attacks the dog's gastrointestinal tract, often resulting in vomiting and bloody diarrhea. Dogs that are suspected to be carrying the infection must be isolated from other dogs as a means of preventing further infection.

In addition to fecal matter, the canine parvovirus can be spread by way of poor hygiene, as well as thrive upon objects such as counter tops, floors, food bowls, bedding and any other items that a dog might come in contact with. It is imperative that any contaminated items be disposed of, or at minimum rinsed in a bleach solution, for the virus is highly resistant to temperature. It is also able to thrive independently in the environment for months.

The virus, more commonly referred to as "parvo," can impose great risk upon young dogs or those with weaker immunity. Some parvo symptoms include:

Diarrhea (possibly bloody)

Fever

Vomiting (possibly bloody)

Loss of appetite

Dehydration

Lethargy

The virus can move through the body quickly and sometimes can cause death within 2 to 3 days after the symptoms first appear. Owners should check the dog's skin for dehydration. If you pinch your dog's skin and check for its elasticity, the skin of dehydrated dogs will have minimal elasticity. A vet will also confirm parvo is present by having the dog undergo a fecal exam.

Although there is no direct drug or cure for the virus, the vet will treat the dog by trying to administer fluids and electrolytes intravenously, but often it is the case that the dog is so dehydrated, and the immune system so weakened, that secondary infections can occur as result. The vet will try to prevent these infections by use of medications, as well as fight dehydration with fluids.

Treatment for canine parvo can be costly and sometimes ineffective. Cases have shown that the dog can still die despite treatment. Parvo in puppies is especially worrisome, because their immune systems are not as strong as that of older dogs. Yet those dogs that do survive have been shown to still carry remains of the virus within their stool for weeks following recovery.

The best way to prevent parvo in dogs is to have a routine parvo vaccine. Other ways to avoid infection is to not allow your dog to approach another dog's fecal matter. Always dispose of your own dog's fecal matter as well. Avoiding contact with strange dogs, as well as cleaning contaminated objects with a bleach solution is the best way of killing the virus itself and preventing it from spreading.

Puppies are required to undergo a series of parvo vaccines, and they should be given routine parvo vaccines into adulthood. These steps are key to keeping your dog protected.