Contraception Choices: The IUD

One of the more complicated decisions sexually active women of child-bearing ages have to make is their choice of contraceptive. While there are many methods of contraception, from condoms to diaphragms to birth control pills, here we are going to discuss the IntraUterine Device or IUD.

On the current Mirena commercials, the device is referred to as an IUC, but the correct terminology in the U.S. Is IUD.

Although not stated directly in the commercials, one comes away with the idea that the IUD is a new method of contraception, when in fact it has been around since 1976 in the U.S.

An IUD is a small, T-shaped piece of plastic that either releases progestin, as in the case of the Mirena, or as in the case of the ParaGard IUD, the center post of the IUD is wrapped in copper wire.

Both the Mirena and the ParaGard affect sperm motility-the way the sperm move and both alter the lining of the uterus. These actions make an environment unfavorable for the sperm and the egg.

Additionally, the progestin in the Mirena works to keep an egg from being released-ovulation. It is for this reason that menstrual periods may be scant or absent. The progestin in the Mirena also causes a thick mucus in the cervix, which helps to prevent sperm from entering.

Both the Mirena and the ParaGard have been shown to be 99% effective as a contraceptive.

There are two main differences between these two IUDs: The Mirena utilizes the hormone progestin; the ParaGard does not. The Mirena is effective for up to five years; the ParaGard is effective for up to twelve years.

Both can be removed any time during their effective periods if the woman makes that decision.

Both IUDs must be inserted and removed by a skilled health care professional.

The costs associated with the IUD are upfront costs: Medical exam, cost of the IUD, insertion of the IUD, and follow-up visits. Costs range from $175.00-$500.00.

As with any type of birth control, there are pros and cons to your choice of using an IUD. Some of the benefits of an IUD include: 1.) They are the two of the least expensive, longest lasting forms of contraception

2.) IUDs may improve your sex life because intimacy can be more spontaneous since the IUD is always in place

3.) The ParaGard IUD doesn't affect your hormones

4.) The Mirena IUD may reduce period cramps and make your period lighter. Some women stop menstruating completely

5.) The ability to become pregnant returns quickly after the IUD is removed.

Some of the disadvantages of an IUD include: 1.) Spotting between periods may occur

2.) The ParaGard may cause a 50-75% increase in menstrual flow

3.) You may experience menstrual cramps or backache

There are also rare serious problems associated with an IUD. Three of them are: the IUD can slip out of place in the uterus; an infection can occur; and during insertion, the IUD may push through the wall of the uterus.

No method of contraception is without its merits or its downside. Do your homework; read material from more than one source, and talk with your health care provider when making your decision.

An online source of information from women who have used IUDs can be found at: Urbanmamas .

There are many resources available. Visit your local health department, women's clinic, and/or Planned Parenthood office. You can also visit Planned Parenthood on the web at: http://www.plannedparenthood.org/index.htm .