Cooking and Baking Food Substitutes

1 Tbsp. cornstarch - 2 Tbsp. flour or 1/2 Tbsp. quick cooking tapioca

1 c. cake flour - 1 c. minus 2 Tbsp of flour

1 c. flour - 1 cup plus 2 Tbsp cake flour

1 sq bakers chocolate - 3 T cocoa & 1 Tbsp Crisco

1 c. melted shortening - 1 c. salad oil (do not substitute for solid shortening)

1 c. milk - 1/2 c. evaporated milk and 1/2 c. water

1 c. sour milk or buttermilk - 1 Tbsp. lemon juice or vinegar and enough sweet milk to measure 1 c.

1 cup sweet milk - 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk plus 1/2 tsp. baking soda

1 c. heavy cream - 2/3 c. milk and 1/2 c. butter

Sweetened condensed milk - No substitution

1 egg - 2 Tbsp. dried whole egg powder and 2 tbsp. water or 2 egg yolks (if making custard.

1 tsp. baking powder - 1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1 tsp. cream of tartar or 1/4 tsp. baking soda and 1/2 c. sour milk, buttermilk or molasses; reduce other liquid 1/2 c.

1 c. sugar - 2 c. honey; reduce other liquid 1/4 c.; reduce baking temperature by 25 degrees

1 c. miniature marshmallows - about 10 large marshmallows cup up

1 medium onion (2 1/2 inch diameter) - 2 Tbsp instant minced onion or 1 tsp onion powder or 2 Tbsp onion salt; reduce salt 1 tsp.

1 garlic clove - 1/8 tsp. garlic powder or 1/4 tsp. garlic salt; reduce salt 1/8 tsp.

1 Tbsp. fresh herbs - 1 tsp. dried herbs or 1/4 tsp. powdered herbs or 1/2 tsp. herb salt; reduct salt 1/4 tsp.

1 c. molasses - 1 c. honey

1 package active dry yeast - 1 cube of yeast

1 Tbsp. prepared mustard - 1 tsp. dry mustard

**** If it says in the substitution to reduce something. They mean reduce that amount that the recipe called for that specific ingredient, such as salt, liquid, etc.

Other tips:

If you are making instant mashed potatoes and you find you don't have any or enough milk, check to see if you have a can of evaporated milk. Mix the evaporated milk with water to the consistency of milk.

When ready to fry donuts, add 1 Tbsp. of vinegar in lard before heating will keep dough nuts from soaking up the lard.