Does Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Cause Ectopic Pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy is every pregnant woman's worst nightmare. Aside from the fact that it cannot lead to a healthy pregnancy and must be treated, an ectopic pregnancy can also cause heavy bleeding which can be fatal. If you have had pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), you probably already know that you are at risk of infertility. Is there also a link between PID and ectopic pregnancy?

What is Ectopic Pregnancy and how is it Linked to PID?

Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the embryo does not attach to the uterus and, most often, to the fallopian tubes instead, according to the American Pregnancy Association. It generally is caused by fallopian tube damage, which prevents the egg from reaching its intended destination - the uterus. This is most commonly referred to as a "blocked fallopian tube." There are a number of possible causes of fallopian tube damage, but PID is one of them.

There is actually a very strong link between pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy. In fact, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a large number of ectopic pregnancies which occur every year are due to PID. When the infection is not treated right away, pelvic inflammatory disease can cause ectopic pregnancy. It is important to note that once fallopian tube damage occurs, it cannot be treated.

Be Aware of the Signs of Ectopic Pregnancy if you've had PID

If you have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease or chlamydia and gonorrhea, which are common causes of the infection, it is important to be aware of the signs of ectopic pregnancy. Since you will experience the same symptoms that you would during a normal pregnancy, most women do not even realize that they have PID. Be sure to watch out for symptoms such as vaginal bleeding, belly pain, and pelvic pain. While these symptoms do not always indicate ectopic pregnancy, it is important to seek medical attention.

Many women who have had pelvic inflammatory disease only know that there is an increased risk of infertility. They often do not realize that other pregnancy complications may occur if they are able to conceive. It is important for all women who have PID to be aware of the risks of the condition and how it may affect their pregnancy. Be sure to notify your OB/GYN or midwife if you have a history of pelvic inflammatory disease so that your pregnancy can be closely monitored.

Sources:

American Pregnancy Association, "Ectopic Pregnancy."

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) - CDC Fact Sheet."

PeaceHealth.org, "Ectopic Pregnancy."