Eclampsia Versus Preeclampsia: Knowing and Understanding the Difference Between These Pregnancy Complications

Many women suffer from either eclampsia or pre-eclampsia during pregnancy. Although both of these disorders are characterized by hypertension (high blood pressure) usually after twenty weeks of pregnancy, there is quite a difference among these problems. Also referred to as toxemia, preeclampsia is a state of hypertension in which protein is present in the urine. Eclampsia is a more severe form of hypertension during pregnancy that can result in seizures, posing even more significant risks to both the mother and the unborn child.

How Can Your Physician Tell the Difference?

A diagnosis of preeclampsia is often confirmed during routine prenatal screenings. During these visits, the physician monitors fetal growth, blood pressure, weight and several other aspects of care. Blood pressure readings at or above 140/90 constitutes hypertension. In addition to this, the primary care provider also checks the mother's urine for abnormalities, such as protein. Preeclampsia is confirmed when hypertension is present with proteinuria. However, the diagnosis of eclampsia may be somewhat more difficult and is often based on symptoms and whether or not the woman has any convulsive episodes.

Differentiating Preeclampsia from Eclampsia Based on Symptoms

Hallmark symptoms of either condition may include high blood pressure, vision changes, dizziness and headaches. If the woman does not yet suffer from seizures, she may still be diagnosed with eclampsia, based on assessment findings and the severity of these symptoms. With eclampsia, these symptoms may be more severe and can rapidly progress. In some cases, preeclampsia may lead to eclampsia, especially if it is not treated promptly or if measures are unsuccessful. It is important to take into consideration that some patients will not necessarily experience these signs and symptoms or can experience them with either disorder.

Risk Factors for Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Risk factors for disorders involving high blood pressure may include a diagnosis of hypertension prior to pregnancy, obesity, heredity and certain diseases and disorders such as diabetes or kidney disease for example. Women suffering from either condition in a previous pregnancy or those carrying multiples are also at a higher risk. Women younger than twenty and older than thirty five are more likely to develop one or both of these conditions. However, there are some women who develop these disorders that do not meet the criteria for any of these risk factors.

Other Considerations

Despite the differences between preeclampsia and eclampsia, both can be potentially dangerous to mother and child. Without proper intervention, pre-term labor and a small baby may result. Hemorrhage, stroke and even maternal death can also ensue. The patient should keep in mind though; this publication is only for informational purposes and any concerns or questions that the woman may have should be addressed by her physician.

Bibliography

Pregnancy, Eclampsia. e Medicine. Medscape. Updated 11, August 2009. Viewed 5, February 2011. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/797603-overview
Pregnancy: Preeclampsia and Eclampsia. Medicine Net. www.medicinenet.com. Reviewed 5, November 2007. Viewed 5, February 2011. http://www.medicinenet.com/pregnancy_preeclampsia_and_eclampsia/page2.htm