Elementary Spanish
Numbers, Tu & Usted, Plurals, Action Words, Days of the Week, & Months of the Year
Numbers 0-20
0-cero
1-uno
2-dos
3-tres
4-cuatro
5-cinco
6-seis
7-siete
8-ocho
9-nueve
10-diez
11-once
12-doce
13-trece
14-catorce
15-quince
16-dieciseis
17-diecisiete
18-dieciocho
19-diecinueve
20-veinte
Tu and usted
Spanish uses two forms of the pronoun you. Tu is used when talking to someone you refer to by a first name, your brother, sister, or cousin, a classmate, a close friend, and/or a child younger than yourself. Usted (Ud.) is used when talking to someone with a title, an older person, a stranger, and/or a person of authority.
Plurals
If the word ends in a vowel, add -s. if the word ends in a consonant, add -es. If the word ends in z, change the z to c before adding -es.
Sentence Starters
Me gusta-I like
No me gusta-I don't like
Quiero - I want
Necesito - I need
Action Words
to clean-limpiar
to touch-tocar
to eat-comer
to speak-hablar
to drink-beber
to give-dar
to sleep-dormir
to go-ir
to work-trabajar
to play-jugar
Capitals
All Spanish sentences begin with capital letters. Names of people begin with capital letters. Names of places (cities, regions, countries, continents) and holidays begin with capital letters. Titles are not capitalized unless abbreviated (senor-Sr., usted-Ud.). Some words that are not normally capitalized in English may not be capitalized in Spanish (nationalities, religions, languages, months, and days).
Spanish expressions
Cuanto anos tienes?-How old are you?
Tengo ocho anos.-I am eight years old.
por favor-please
gracias-thank you
amigo-friend (male)
amiga-friend (female)
si-yes
no-no
amigos-friends
Hasta luego!-See you later!
Days of the Week
lunes-Monday
martes-Tuesday
miercoles-Wednesday
jueves-Thursday
viernes-Friday
sabado-Saturday
domingo-Sunday
Months of the Year
enero-January
febrero-February
marzo-March
abril-April
mayo-May
junio-June
julio-July
agosto-August
septiembre-September
noviembre-November
diciembre-December
Colors
rojo-red
verde-green
morado-purple
azul-blue
anaranjado-orange
amarillo-yellow
café-brown
negro-black
blanco-white
rosado-pink
Food
papa-potato
ensalada-salad
queso-cheese
pan-bread
leche-milk
pollo-chicken
jugo-juice
sandwich-sandwich
fruta-fruit
sopa-soup
naranja-orange
platano-banana
agua-water
carne-meat
manzana-apple
vegetales -vegetables
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