Head Lice: The Tiny, Pesky, Blood-Sucking Head Bugs

Head lice are tiny parasites that cling to the skin on the head. They can lay their eggs called nits in the hair. Head lice do not cause disease. However, they can cause itching and irritation to the scalp resulting in too much scratching. Excessive scratching of the scalp can lead to bacterial infection. Fortunately, there are many products available, either over-the-counter or with prescription, that can effectively treat head lice infestation.

Head lice infestation is common among children aged 3 to 11, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In the United States, an estimated 6 to 12 million cases of head lice infestation in children occur each year.

It may be difficult to spot the head lice immediately because they can move too fast. However, it is easier to detect the nits by making use of a magnifying glass. The nits look like dandruff on the hair. Dandruff come off easily when pulled while the nits firmly attach to the hair.

Head lice do not jump or fly, rather they move by crawling. It can be spread through head-to-head contact with a person who already has head lice infestation. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, spreading the head lice through contact with clothing like hats, scarves, and coats or other personal belongings, such as combs or towels is uncommon.

Having head lice does not mean that a person is dirty, according to Susan Walker, M.D., director of the FDA's Division of Dermatology and Dental Products. She said, "It only means that you've been around others with head lice."

There are many FDA-approved over-the-counter and prescription drugs for treating infestations with head lice. They are available in different forms, such as shampoos, lotions, and creams. However, some head lice products may be unsafe for children below two years old. Reading the label is important to be sure that the product is safe for the child.

Safety Tips in Using Head Lice Treatments

It is best to talk with the child's physician about recommended treatments according to the child's age. Remember that some head lice treatments may not be safe for a child under the age of 2. Also, following the label directions properly is important. Never use the medication more often unless it is advised by a qualified health care provider.

Rinse the product from the hair and scalp thoroughly. A fine-toothed nit comb can be used to remove dead lice and nits.

Check for live lice one week after finishing with the treatment. Retreatment may be necessary if live lice are found. However, it's best to ask a health care provider for instructions about retreatment.

Sources:
Treating Head Lice. Updated: October 2009. U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Lice: Head Lice: Fact Sheet. Last Modified: May 2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Lice: Head Lice: Treatment. Last Modified October 2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention