Herb Profile: Wild Strawberry

In my area of Northeast Tennessee, most people think of wild strawberries as weeds not herbs. Nevertheless, wild strawberries were used in Europe from the 10th century until the larger cultivated strawberry was introduced in the 18th century by the Americans. Today, most Americans might turn up their noses at this smaller precursor to this popular berry; however, perhaps more respect should be given to this little strawberry that is not a weed but an herb.

The wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a low-growing perennial -- usually no larger than 10 inches -- that spreads through runners. The leaves are trifoliate, coarse, and toothed. Small white flowers with yellow centers appear in mid-spring to mid-summer after which the small red strawberries form. It is a native of Europe, the eastern part of North America, and the western part of Asia. In the wild, it is more frequently found in wooded areas or in shady spots in dry grasslands. If it is not already growing somewhere in your yard, it is easy enough to start. Just plant in well-drained soil that is a bit alkaline. It will grow in either full sun or partial shade. As I previously mentioned, many people consider it a weed, which means that it is just as easy to grow as any other weed that makes its appearance in your garden.

Prior to the 18th century, wild strawberries were the only strawberries known. Just as the larger cultivars today, these strawberries were eaten for their sweet taste, often being served with cream and sugar. Various recipes were available for teas and cordials. Strawberries were also used as beauty aids. One recipe called for making a wash of strawberries, tansy, and new milk. Such a cleansing wash can be made today by mashing 8 ounces of fresh strawberries to a pulp and mixing with 2/3 cup milk. (You can also combine the strawberries and milk in a blender if you prefer.) Apply using cotton balls. Store any unused portion in the refrigerator. Also, this mixture is only good for two days. The berries have not only cleansing properties but also are astringent. This accounts for their frequent use in facials, lotions, and skin toners.

Wild strawberries also had numerous medicinal uses. Infusions and decoctions were made using the leaves and roots for treating gout, as well as digestive problems. In addition, the berries were thought to have cooling effects and, therefore, often used to treat fevers. (On a hot day, try adding a few of the little berries to ice water for a refreshing drink.) It should be noted that the larger cultivars with which we are familiar do not have the medicinal properties that these smaller wild strawberries have.

As previously mentioned, teas and cordials were often made using wild strawberries. Just add the leaves -- fresh or dried -- to hot water and allow to steep for a few minutes. You can also add the leaves to other herbal teas for a different flavor. The berries are rich in vitamin C, too, and can be used in desserts, juices, and preserves.

Next time you see some wild strawberries growing in your yard, do not rip them out as you would a weed. Instead put this underrated herb to good use.

References:
Houdret, Jessica. Practical Herb Garden. London, England: Hermes House, 2003.

Kruger, Anna. An Illustrated Guide to Herbs, Their Medicine and Magic. Surrey, Great Britain: Dragon's World Ltd., 1993.