Improve Your Vocabulary: Roots, Part One

Now that you've read the first three steps to building a better vocabulary (What? You haven't? Well, here's step one, here's step two, and here's step three. Come back when you're done.) and you have committed the prefixes I gave you to memory, let's improve your vocabulary further by learning a few new roots.

These root words are all from the Greek language, which has given us a surprising number of words, considering the Teutonic nature of our English language. Greek roots figure very strongly in certain fields, specifically that of medicine, so it would certainly behoove us to become acquainted with them. Even if you don't want to become a doctor, it wouldn't hurt to know what they're talking about, now, would it? You might be watching one of those medical dramas and suddenly realize it's not all gibberish anymore! Let's learn some new root words now:

First, we have anthrop or anthropo, meaning man or mankind, or in less sexist terms, human or humankind (although sometimes it specifically means man, as in male human). Some examples of common words using this root are philanthropy, which literally translates as "love of [fellow] man", and which we understand as "charity" or "charitable endeavor". Of course, if you love your fellow man, it is easy to be charitable to him. Anthropomorphism, blending the root for "[hu]man" with the Greek root morpho, meaning "change", is defined as the tendency to give animals human characteristics, such as similar personalities or opinions to those of people. Literally, it would translate as "change to human". The word misanthrope combines anthro with the common prefix "mis", meaning "not" or "against", to describe a person who is averse to his fellow men-a hermit or antisocial type.

Another useful Greek root is arch, not as in a curving parabola such as the St. Louis Arch, but arch pronounced as "ark", as in archangel, archaeology or archaic. This root means "first" in two separate ways - temporally, as in "ancient" (which we see in archaeology, "study of the ancient", and archaic, literally "old" or "ancient", but more commonly used to mean "outdated"), and hierarchically, as in "chief" (hence archangel, meaning a chief or primary angel-Michael, Gabriel and Uriel are archangels in the Christian tradition). And didja notice I also sneaked hierarchically in there, too?

Last but not least, we have chron, a Greek root meaning "time". The term chronic means "over time", as in a chronic illness; chronology, literally "study of time", is more accurately defined as "timekeeping" (the chronometer, or "time-measure", on your wrist or office wall is a facet of this), and the prefix syn, meaning "same", combines with our root to give us synchronize, which as we know from spy movies ("Synchronize your timepieces, gentlemen!") means to operate at the same time, or "in synch". Yep, it's the same place lip-synching comes from.

Now, memorize these, use them in your speech and writing, and stay tuned for more roots!