My Contribution to the Science of Astronomy
My Annus Mirabilis Paper
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The values we shall use will reflect conditions at the event horizon of a black hole. Therefore, r = r0. Thus, no matter the value of tf, the value of t0 will be zero. If no proper time exists between any and all events, they effectively occur at the same moment, including the beginning of time and the end of time. Similar to the
quantum definition of a zero-dimensional object, would one say that the duration of time marked by the observer at the event horizon of a black hole would be 10-43 seconds or would it indeed be zero seconds, adhering to the formula?
(Nevertheless, when r< r0, we must consider the indefinable square root of a negative number. Thus, we have no answers for what occurs immediately below the event horizon. Thus, further discussion of what occurs within a black hole is moot.)
Adhering to the concept that time is quantized and not continuous, each moment of time is 10-43 seconds in length and in that moment, the state of matter is frozen; much like a frame in a movie.
Logically as we adhere to the quantum concept of time, if zero time exists at an event horizon, the next increment of altitude denotes a single increment of time, 10-43 seconds in length. For the entire duration of all time, there exists this one increment of time at the altitude of 10-35 meters above the event horizon. Whatever occurs at this level never changes; it is in one state. A particle existing at this altitude remains there for all time. It never can move another increment closer to the event horizon; for another increment of time does not exist in which the state of that particle can change. Similarly, a particle existing at this altitude can never move one increment further from the event horizon for exactly the same reason.
It is for this reason that the mechanism described as Hawking radiation cannot occur. The particle destined to escape will have formed at the altitude of 10-35 meters above the event horizon. Another increment of time in which the particle is to escape never occurs.
Even if we allow for a space of 10-35 meters to exist between the two nascent particles, the "escaping" particle will have formed at an altitude of 2 x 10-35 meters above the event horizon, wherein only two increments of time exist. If the "escaping" particle formed in the first increment of time, and if it were escaping at the speed of light, it would raise to the altitude of 3 x 10-35 meters in the middle of all time.
Following this line of reasoning, when the universe reaches 99.999999999% of its entire life (about 499,999,999,999 years after the Big Bang), the escaping particle will have attained an altitude of 1012 x 10-35 meters or 10-22 meters, significantly less than the diameter of an electron.
If the "escaping" particle formed in the second increment of time, and even if it were escaping at the speed of light, it would never have a chance to move any further away from the event horizon. The second increment of time began at the time of the Big Bang. Thus no opportunity exists to allow Hawking radiation to occur.
(Besides which, are we to believe that in the self-same moment of coming into existence, virtual particles are traveling at the speed of light away from each other? If they did not, the "escaping particle" could not possibly escape because it does not have sufficient escape velocity.)
Besides the negation of Hawking radiation, the fact that only one increment of time exists just above an event horizon also stipulates that nothing can enter a black hole. There simply exists no time in which the event can occur.
This layer of time acts as a "force field" of sorts, even an ultimate force field, impenetrable by anything. Two galactic super-massive black holes approaching each other dead straight on at the speed of light could never encounter the other nor merge.
Another implication of this time event is that the surface of a black hole, its event horizon, cannot possibly move at all in rotation; for not a single increment of time passes in which it may change its state.
A question arises then: can or does a black hole move through space given this new restriction?
Returning to Hawking radiation, if it does not occur, aren't black holes eternal even into the heat death of the universe? And if black holes are eternal, did those that formed in the previous iteration of the universe wherein Universal Contraction was in vogue survive the Big Crunch and the Big Bang?
It could be proposed that something inside a black hole could end the existence of the black hole but we have no idea what goes on inside a black hole for the square root of negative one (i) is an imaginary number.
Thus at this time, a black hole, once formed is eternal. And yet it has a beginning.
Hope for solving this conundrum exists in the modeling of the formation of a black hole with respect to the concept of time-systems, the which has brought us to this understanding of the nature of reality in the vicinity of a black hole; for perhaps black holes and singularities/quantum stars do not exist as we conceive them to exist.
A time-system is a given combination of gravitational force and of absolute velocity that determines the number of time increments existing at any one point in space. As it has already been stated, time does not pass at the same rate everywhere in the universe. (Even though technically it is not time that passes; it is just the conventional way to note its presence.)
Two inhabitants of the same time-system observing each other will note no difference in the other, for their time passes similarly. This extends to all time-systems. Thus, if two inhabitants of a time-system marked by travel in two spaceships both traveling at 99% of the speed of light (determined absolutely against the fabric of space-time) passed each other in opposite directions, they would note absolutely no differences between the two. Their length and speed of their clocks would be the same. In this scenario, we do not lead ourselves astray by considering the time involved in the travel of light communicating between the ships; we merely allow the instantaneous ability to observe to exist.
In this same way, we can realize that each moment (state of being) is a universal now moment and that an event in one observer's past cannot exist in another's future; unlike the faulty example in which the speed of light involving communication leads to faulty conclusions.
Published by Clarke Waldron
Natural-born writer. Regardless of my occupation in the "real world", I have always considered myself to be a writer... and an inventor. View profile
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2 Comments
Post a Comment1. Einstein had that same problem.
2. Your understanding is insufficient.
3. So, for any statement to be valid regardless of subject, it has to solve quantum gravity?
4. Your comments are entirely without value.
5. You do not propose any corrections or improvements to what I say. Therefore, you require me to do something of which you are not capable.
6. It sounds as though you may have the right idea. Where may I read your article on the matter?
7. Those who can only criticize invariably end up as only being wrong about most everything.
8. Regardless, you are entitled to your opinion; however, you didn't cite any reputable sources to confirm the basis by which you make your claims.
9. You missed entirely the proposed fact that once a black hole forms, nothing ever can enter it; therefore it never increases in mass. As previously stated, your understanding in insufficient.
10. Your time might be better spent on YouTube refuting perpetual motion machines, alien abductions,
1. You don't cite any reputable sources to confirm the basis by which you make your claims.
2. Your model doesn't account for an increase in the size of a black hole due to accumulation of mass.
3. It has already been shown that General Relativity and Quantum Theory are at odds on several levels, so without a solution to quantum gravity this article is essentially worthless as science.