Nipah Virus Basics: A Real-World 'Contagion'

The Nipah virus has become a popular topic lately because it is being said that if it became an epidemic, it would be a real-world 'Contagion'. This zootonic virus is severe when it infects humans. In most cases, it is passed from animals to humans, but there have been cases where human to human transmission has occurred.

What are the Symptoms of Nipah Virus?

The incubation period with this virus varies greatly from four days to 45 days. Once symptoms do occur, humans may experience fever, vomiting, muscle pain, meningitis, neurologic deficits, migraine, emphysema, encephalitis, disorientation, coma and death. The death rate with this virus varies from 40 to 75 percent. Survival greatly depends on the individual's health status, how quickly he got medical care and the capabilities of medical staff.

How is Nipah Virus Diagnosed?

There are several different tests that can be done to diagnose this virus. The majority of these tests are blood tests. Such testing that may be done includes serum neutralization, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation by cell culture, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence assay.

Can Nipah Virus be Treated?

There are no actual treatments specifically for this virus, as of today. There are also no vaccines available for this virus. The primary way to treat patients with this virus is to provide intensive supportive care. Patients will also receive care for their individual symptoms. For example, a patient experiencing intense muscle pain will often receive pain medications. A patient having trouble breathing will receive oxygen and other respiratory care. A patient who is vomiting will receive anti-nausea medication and plenty of fluids to help prevent dehydration.

Controlling Nipah Virus Infections in Hospitals

If a patient is admitted into a hospital and is suspected or confirmed to have this virus, it is critical to take special precautions to ensure that no one else contracts this virus. First, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will have been contacted so they can provide specialized instructions to help prevent further infection. The patient will likely be quarantined and not allowed to be around other patients. Any specimens will be handled with absolute care and any medical supplies used on the patient may be discarded specially.

As of today, we really do not see this virus in the United States. However, our departments of public health are always ready for something like this, or a real-world 'Contagion' to strike because it is the world we live in. If you ever suspect you or a loved one is sick with a contagious virus, of any kind, always seek medical attention.

Resources

University of Minnesota: Nipah Virus