Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Stages and Treatment
Stages used for non-small cell lung cancer is the following:
# Hidden stage non-small cell lung cancer:
In the hidden stage, cancer cells are found in the sputum, but no tumor is found in the lung by imaging or bronchoscopy. Also, primary tumor is too small to be checked.
# Stage 0:
In this abnormal cells are found in the innermost lining of the lung. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue.
# Stage 1A:
In this tumor is in the lung only and is 3cms and smaller.
# Stage 1B: Following can happen:
>The tumor is larger than 3cms.
>Cancer has spread to the main bronchus of the lung, and is at least 2cms from the carina.
>Cancer has spread to the innermost layer of the membrane that covers the lungs.
>The tumor partly blocks the bronchus or bronchioles and part of the lung has collapsed or developed inflammation of the lung.
# Stage 2A:
The tumor is 3cms or smaller and spread to nearby lymph nodes on the same side of the chest as the tumor.
# Stage 2B: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes on the same side of the chest as the tumor followed by one or more of the following:
>The tumor is larger than 3cms.
>Cancer has spread to the main bronchus of the lung, and is at least 2cms from the carina.
>Cancer has spread to the innermost layer of the membrane that covers the lungs.
>The tumor partly blocks the bronchus or bronchioles and part of the lung has collapsed or developed inflammation of the lung.
The case may also be that the cancer has not spread to the nearby lymph nodes and is followed by one or more of the following:
>The tumor may be of any size and cancer has spread to the chest wall, or the diaphragm, or the pleura between the lungs or membrane surrounding the heart.
>Cancer has spread to the main bronchus of the lung and is no more than 2cms from the carina but has not spread to trachea.
>Cancer blocks the bronchus or bronchioles and the whole lung has collapsed or developed inflammation of the lung.
# Stage 3A: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes on the same side of the chest as the tumor, followed by one or more of the following:
>Tumor may be of any size.
>Cancer may have spread to the main bronchus, the chest wall, the diaphragm, the pleura around the lungs, or the membrane around the heart, but has spread to the trachea.
>Part or the entire lung may have collapsed or developed inflammation of the lung.
# Stage 3B: The tumor may be of any size and has spread to the lymph nodes above the collar bones or in the opposite side of the chest from the tumor holding one or more of the following as true:
>Major blood vessels that lead to or from the heart.
>Heart.
>Chest wall.
>Diaphragm.
>Trachea.
>Esophagus.
>Chest bone or back bone.
>More than one place in the lobe of the lung.
>The fluid of the pleural cavity surrounding the lung.
# Stage 4:
Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes and has spread to another lobe of the lung or to other parts of the body, such as the brain, liver, adrenal glands, kidneys or bone.
Stage wise treatment of non-small cell lung cancer:
# Hidden stage:
Treatment of hidden non-small cell lung cancer depends on where the cancer has spread. It can usually be cured by surgery.
# Stage 0:
stage 0 is treated with surgery and photodynamic therapy using endoscope.
# Stage 1A: Treatment for stage 1A includes the following:
>Surgery includes wedge resection, segment resection or lobectomy.
>External radiation therapy is done for the patients who cannot have surgery.
>Surgery followed by chemotherapy.
# Stage 2: Treatment of stage 2 includes the following:
>Surgery includes wedge resection, segment resection or lobectomy, pneumonectomy.
>External radiation therapy is done for the patients who cannot have surgery.
>Surgery followed by chemotherapy, with or without other treatments.
# Stage 3A: Includes the following:
>Surgery with or without radiation therapy.
>External radiation therapy alone.
>Chemotherapy combined with other treatments.
# Stage 3B: Includes the following:
>External radiation therapy alone.
>Chemotherapy combined with external radiation therapy.
>Chemotherapy combined with external radiation therapy followed by surgery.
>Chemotherapy alone.
# stage 4: Includes the following:
>
Watchful waiting.
>
External radiation therapy as palliative therapy to relieve pain or other symptoms and improve the quality of life.
>
Chemotherapy.
>
Laser therapy and/or internal radiation therapy.
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