Plants in Your Herb Garden: Basil

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a popular choice for gardeners who also love to cook. Easy to grow in warmer climates, this tender herb from the mint family needs extra care where the air turns colder.

"Basil" is a Greek term, meaning king. One story tells that the herb grew above the spot where St. Constantine and Helen found the Holy Cross. A fragile annual, this herb is native to tropical areas (Asia and India). Over a dozen varieties are available - Sweet Basil is the most common in backyard herb gardens.

Basil has a varied place in history, surrounded by many stories and symbolism. Many cultures believed that basil was a "royal" herb - both Greek and English royalty used the herb in their baths, and in some medicines. Basil is honored by some Hindu believers. Other churches included basil in their preparation of holy water (such as the Greek Orthodox Church, who place importance on the Holy Cross discovery).

Ancient Egyptians and Greeks believed that basil would open Heaven's gates for the recently deceased. Some Hindu homes and hotels still keep a bowl of fresh basil in water near the doorway for visitors to wash their hands.

Mediterranean cuisine frequently contains basil, often combining the herb with tomatoes. Basil is the main ingredient in pesto sauce, a flavorful condiment used over pasta, spread on breads, and as a dipping sauce. The leaves have a powerful aroma, even when still on the plant. You can also find basil in soups, spaghetti sauce, and many Italian dishes. Basil can be used dry, but the flavors are best when the herb is fresh.

Traditionally, medicinal uses for this herb have been for gas and inflammation. Ayurvedic medicine uses the herb to treat many skin conditions. (Consult with your physician before using any kind of herb for its medicinal properties.)

Naturally found in tropical regions, basil can still be grown successfully in colder climates. It's easiest to purchase a plant from your local nursery or gardening center. Plant in late spring or summer, in a well-drained and sunny area. To encourage more leaf production, pinch off any flowers.

This herb can grow up to three feet tall, so it's best to plant at the back of your herb garden so it doesn't over-shadow the rest of your plants. If you live in a warmer climate, mulch your basil plants well before winter arrives. This herb will not survive a cold winter.

Leaves can be harvested at any time during the growing season, but flavors are best just before flowering, or during flowering. Pick mid-morning, after the dew has evaporated from the plant.