Preparing for a Flood

If your home is in a flood-prone area, what is usually called a "flood zone," you have to take necessary measures so that you and your family are well prepared when the inevitable happens. If there is a major flood, you could be on your own for up to 72 hours without utilities or water. Although it is nearly impossible to make your home flood-proof, some precautionary measures can improve the chances of your home surviving the disaster.

First of all, you should get familiar with your community's disaster preparedness plans and create a family plan for yourself. Identify escape routes from your home and neighborhood and fix an emergency meeting place for your family to reunite in case you get separated from each other. It is a good idea to set up a contact point to communicate with concerned relatives.

Ensure that an emergency kit is in safe and dry place in your home that includes a three-day supply of drinking water and food that does not need refrigeration or cooking; first aid supplies; a portable NOAA weather radio; a wrench and other basic tools; a flashlight; work gloves; emergency cooking equipment; portable lanterns; fresh batteries for each piece of equipment; clothing; blankets; baby items; prescription medications; extra car and house keys; extra eyeglasses; credit cards and cash; important documents, including insurance policies. Store your emergency supplies in one single location that is safe and easily accessible in case evacuation is required. Emergency items may be stored in a 32-gallon trash can, suitcases, duffel bag, footlocker, or individual backpack.

In case, there is a threat of impending flood, regularly follow weather and news reports so you know how much danger awaits you. Obey evacuation orders issued by local authorities. If flooding occurs, evacuate your home immediately if asked to do so. If time permits, shut off utilities at the main switches and move furniture and valuables to a higher floor. If the waters start rising inside your house before you have evacuated, retreat to the second floor, the attic, and if necessary, the roof. Take personal necessities, like medications, eyeglasses, dry clothing, a flashlight, and a portable radio with you. Then, wait for help. It is not at all sensible to try to swim to safety; wait for rescuers to come to you. If outdoors, climb to high ground and stay there.

If you have pets, assemble emergency supplies for them. Store enough pet food and water for at least three days. If your pet regularly takes medication, have an ample supply on hand. Don't forget to have leashes and pet carriers for each of your pets in case they are to be transported out of the area.

You should keep in mind that most homeowners' insurance policies do not cover damage caused by floods. The federal government has set up the National Flood Insurance Program to provide this coverage to property owners. Twenty-five to thirty percent of all flood claims are paid for homes that lie outside special flood hazard areas. If your community participates in this federal program, you should buy flood coverage either directly from the NFIP or from a participating insurance company.