Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that can be devastating to the sufferer. However, this illness is not particularly well-recognized by the public. It is important to become educated about the symptoms of this maladaptive illness to create an understanding between the public and the sufferers. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be fairly complicated.

Mania, a state known as the "high" end of bipolar disorder, is characterized by elevated mood and increase in energy. Symptoms include irritation and agitation, pressured speech, being easily distracted, restlessness, decreased need for sleep, grandiose thoughts and impulsive behaviors (NIMH). In some severe instances of mania, an individual with bipolar disorder may start experiencing delusions or hallucinations (Bipolar Central). During periods of mania, someone with bipolar disorder might engage in behaviors that are unusual for that person. For instance, that person may engage in seemingly random sexual activities. Without giving a thought to the consequences, that person may go on a spending spree that spends to the maximum on multiple credit cards. A manic bipolar patient may stay awake for days on end, beginning multiple projects but never finishing any of them. When suggesting to this person that he or she gets help, the individual may respond in anger. The racing thoughts and easily distracted nature of a manic patient may cause him or her to jump from one thought to another lightning fast.

Depression is better documented than mania, so the symptoms are better recognized. However, that does not mean that depression is easy to spot with the untrained or unknowing eye. Depression is considered the "low" end of bipolar disorder, and it is characterized by a generally down or blue mood. Symptoms include lethargy, restlessness, loss of interest in activities, trouble concentrating, changes in habit and dark thoughts (NIMH). Other symptoms include listlessness, fatigue, and social withdrawal (Bipolar Central). Individuals suffering from bipolar depression may cease contact with family members and friends. Depression sufferers may appear listless and completely removed from whatever situation is at hand. Hobbies and activities, including sex, may hold absolutely no appeal for the individual. Any increase or decrease in sleep or eating habits can indicate depression. The slightest problem or decision may frustrate the individual due to the inability to concentrate.

Mixed states are known as the worst part of bipolar disorder for those that suffer through them. Mixed states are characterized by having traits of both mania and depression.

The symptoms, once known, become easier to recognize. There are other symptoms of bipolar disorder, and not all people with bipolar disorder exhibit all of these particular symptoms.

Bipolar Central: http://www.bipolarcentral.com

(NIMH) National Institute of Mental Health: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder/complete-index