Teotihuacan: A Treasure in Mexico's Heartland

Standing at the foot of the Pyramid of the Sun, the immense structure reaches up into the sky. Teotihuacan, located about thirty miles north of Mexico City, is the largest pre-Columbian city in Mexico. The Pyramid of the Sun is the third largest pyramid in the world, with 248 steps.

Surrounded in mystery, the origins and functions of the city's buildings are contested within the archeology community. Common belief is that the construction of the city's buildings began about 100 A.D.

Teotihuacan flourished from 150 A.D. to 450 A.D., with a population between 150,000 and 250,000 during its height. Although housing craftsman, trades people and artisans, the site is known for its religious significance. Human sacrifice was practiced at the site, and human remains are still being discovered as more ruins are found.

A broad lane runs down the center of the city, named Avenue of the Dead by the Aztecs after the city lay in ruins. The Aztecs believed the mounds on either side of the Avenue looked like tombs. The Citadel lies on one end of the ruins, which contains the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent. This smaller pyramid is easier to climb than the Pyramid of the Sun, if you're looking for a less rigorous climb. Walking down the Avenue brings visitors to the Pyramid of the Sun, then the nearby Pyramid of the Moon.

At over 7000 feet above sea level, walking through these ruins are not for the faint of heart. The high altitude will affect your body, especially if you're not used to living at that height. Take plenty of breaks while you walk through this city, especially if you're climbing any pyramids.

Climbing is also required as you make your way through The Avenue of the Dead, as there are steps every 100 yards or so. Bring plenty of water, and drink often! (As a practical measure, there are no rest rooms along the Avenue. You'll find them outside the actual ruins. It's advisable to bring your own toilet paper, since supplies can run out.)

Architecturally, the site is a wonder. Take note of the smaller rocks imbedded into almost every surface of the city, creating an interesting mosaic throughout the site. There are several viewing areas where you can view incredibly murals, their colors still vibrant today.

There is much debate at the demise of Teotihuacan. Some historians believe that the area was invaded in the seventh or eight centuries. Other theories hypostasize that droughts in the 500's A.D. led to a population decline. Whatever the case, the ruins are a must-city if you're in the Mexico City area.