The Functions of the Skeleton

The skeletal system is one of the body systems and is composed of bones, cartilage and ligaments. The skeletal system is responsible for providing the framework of the body. Cartilage, a thick, rubber substance that provides structure along with flexibility, begins forming during the embryonic period, giving rise to the bones. Cartilage can still be found within the body in places such as the nose, ears and joints, even into adulthood. The ligaments connect bones to one another, while tendons, although similarly structured, connect bones to muscles.

Bone, often referred to as osseous tissue is a connective tissue hardened by a process known as mineralization or calcification. Bone, contrary to popular belief, is not the hardest substance found in the body; tooth enamel is. Osseous tissue isn't the only thing found in bones; other things, such as blood, bone marrow, adipose tissue (fat), nervous tissue and fibrous connective tissue can all be found within the bones.

The bones carry out some very important functions within the body. These functions include; protection, support, movement, blood formation, electrolyte balance and acid-base balance.

Protection
Bones are responsible for protecting the major organs of the body and reducing the risk of damaging them when injured. For example, the skull is responsible for protecting the brain. The vertebrae are responsible for protecting the spinal cord, and the ribcage is responsible for protecting the lungs, heart and other thoracic organs.

Support
The skeletal system is responsible for supporting the body. All softer tissues are arranged on and around the skeletal system.

Movement
Movements, such as breathing, are dependent upon the actions of muscles on the bones. The bones act as levels, on which the muscles act on, creating movement.

Blood Formation
Red marrow found deep within some bones in adults, and found in nearly every bone in infants and children, is responsible for the production of blood cells; red blood cells and white (immune) blood cells.

Electrolyte Balance
Phosphate and calcium are stored within the skeletal system. If the body needs these substances in order to maintain electrolyte balance, they are then released into the body from the skeletal system.

Acid-Base Balance
The bone tissue is able to act as buffers in the bloodstream to protect the blood from undergoing changes in pH that are too drastic.

References
Saladin, Kenneth S.. Anatomy & physiology: the unity of form and function. 5th ed. Dubuque: McGraw-Hill, 2010. Print.

The Skeletal System: The Structure and Function of Bones

5 Functions of a Skeleton