The Legends of Rome, Italy

Rome, the "eternal city," has historical roots that very well may seem eternal. In fact, legend places Rome's founding at 753 B.C. by the two mythical sons of Mars: Romulus (hence the name Rome) and Remus, who built a settlement on the Palatine Hill, one of the fabled seven hills of the city forming the heart of modern day Rome. Its legendary attractions include the Colosseum, the Pantheon, the Forum and the Appian Way.

The Colosseum lies in the heart of the city. Built of marble, bricks and cement and completed in 80 A.D., its remains are a testament to the wealth and power of the Roman Empire. Its use over the centuries ranged from an arena for gladiators and simulated sea battles to a Christian site where even today the Pope leads a torchlit procession there to celebrate Good Friday.

In close proximity to the Colosseum is the ancient temple to the gods, the Pantheon. The Pantheon is the oldest domed structure in Rome and is perhaps best known for its portico, an imposing structure bearing eight lofty granite Corinthian pillars. Used as a church since the early centuries A.D., this ancient monument is also a burial place for luminaries including two Italian kings, the master artist Raphael, and several architects and composers.

Although not as well preserved as the Pantheon, the Forum was the Empire's seat of government and justice. Within this complex you'll find the remnants of several temples and shrines. A focal point is the marble arch of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus, raised in honor of his military victories, many of which resulted in expansion of the Roman Empire. Facing the arch, you'll see the Palatine Hill to the right, housing the ruins of villas owned by some of the wealthiest Romans of the day.

Finally, a short bus ride outside the city is the Appian Way, the longest and most significant ancient Roman road. It's also known for its catacombs, underground burial places for ancient Christians and pagans. One notable stop is the catacomb of Saint Sebastian. Inside city limits, you'll find Jewish catacombs below Villa Torlonia Park. Besides being sacred resting places, the catacombs contain outstanding displays of period artwork.