Types of Discourse

1. Distinctions own speech & writing has to do with the channel/medium/model in spoken and written text.

2. Discourse can be differentiated according to
a. Genre (to another genre)
i. Communicative purpose *get to know *depends on audience
ii. Audience (social position & relationship between the participants concerned and...)
iii. Conventionalized style and format, etc *narrative-many paragraph *abstract-1 paragraph

3. Discourse maybe monologic -1 person/no response dialogic - 2 person/conversation (both in written & spoken)

4. An instance of communication may be planned and unplanned.
a. Unplanned Discourse
Features: conversation, informal notes and letters

b. Planned Discourse
Features: prepare speeches or sermons ceremony, church, reports , edited or published work, lectures, etc.

5. Discourse may be context-embedded [in situation: feel voice, body language] or context reduced [have to imagine ]
a. It may be in the form of everyday interaction that involves familiar situation and relies heavily on social conventions and contextual information. It is
context-embedded discourse or orate (spoken in a formal and often pompous way) in nature.

b. Most instances of written discourse is removed from immediate physical context. (Can't imagine) (When topics are handled at a more abstract and
conceptual level, the discourse is context reduced) User rely more heavily knowledge (unable to understand) of language code (word) & genre types
because context is unfamiliar, less immediate and less accessible.

i. Is planned discourse often context-reduce? Usually Yes-Don't quite know
ii. Is unplanned discourse usually context-embedded? Usually Yes-I know the context
iii. Educated proficient language user are able to use
a. Planned and context-embedded and
b. Unplanned and context-reduced discourse (See the schemata/background knowledge)

6. Discourse can be transactional or interaction in nature
a. It is transactional when it involves transmission of information or an exchange of good and service.
b. It is interaction if it shapes and maintains social relationship and identities, expresses speaker's/ writer's attitude toward the topic/ interlocutors

i. Most discourse type represents continua rather than hard and fast dichotomies.
ii. Example A: When 1 speaker dominates a conversation, the discourse is mainly monologic.
iii. Example B: A letter to a friend can be both interaction (friends maintaining) & transitional (information)