Vermicomposting 101: Worm Composting Basics

If you're looking for a way to make high-quality compost in a small space, vermicomposting may be for you. Unlike other methods of composting, worm composting is suitable for smaller spaces and will thrive in an area such as a basement or garage.

Picking Worms

Vermicomposting worms can be purchased from most gardening centers or ordered online. If you are lucky enough to know someone who is already worm composting, you may be able to ask for some of their worms. Pick a native variety of worms for vermicomposting. In the United States, red wigglers (Eisenia fetida), are an excellent choice for worm composting. Avoid buying an European red worm such as Lumbricus rubellus which are considered invasive in North America. Always verify the scientific name when purchasing worms, because the common name used at that particular gardening center may be incorrect.

Picking a Vermicomposting Box

Experienced vermicomposters often prefer wood boxes for their worms. However, for beginning gardeners, it may be advantageous to start with a small plastic bin. If you achieve the results you wish, then you can consider purchasing or making a wooden box. A worm box should ideally be 12 inches deep and two square feet in area for each family member.

Worm Bedding

Worms cannot survive in a pile of food scraps; they require damp bedding to help them retain their appropriate moisture levels. Worm bedding can vary greatly: shredded newspaper or cardboard, chopped straw, dead plants, sawdust, aged manure, and shredded fall leaves can all be used. Many beginning vermicomposters use shredded newspaper. No matter what bedding you choose, be sure to moisten it so it is as damp as a wrung-out sponge.

Worm Grit

Like birds, worms use bits of sand to help digest their food. Therefore you should add a generous handful or two of native soil into your worm composting box before adding the worms.

Moisture Levels and Temperature Concerns

In order for worms to thrive, the moisture levels within their box must be slightly damp. A vermicomposting box that is too wet or does not have a proper amount of drainage may drown the worms. A box that is too dry may also cause the worms to swivel and die.

Temperature should also be regulated: 40 to 75 degrees is a good standard for most vermicomposting worms. For this reason, keeping your worm box in a basement or a cool area in the garage is recommended if your area of the country experiences extreme weather. At the very least, gardeners that expect snow should move their worm composting box inside.