Water, Carbohydrates, and Lipids: An Overview

Water is a poor molecule that supports life on Earth. Oxygen atoms are more a lecture than hydrogen atoms. This electro negativity pulls the shared electrons from the hydrogen towards oxygen. The result of this is a polarized water molecule. The cohesive properties of water allow it to be transported through plants. There are four properties of water that contribute to Earth's fitness for life. They are cohesive, specific heat, crystal lattice, and solvation. The specific heat of water allows it to minimize temperature fluctuations, this occurs because heat is absorbed with hydrogen bonds break and heat is released when hydrogen bonds form. The hydrogen bonds in ice more ordered than in liquid water making ice less dense. Water can also interact with polar molecules such as proteins. Solvation properties of water allow an interaction with polar compound called solutes and allows them ability to dissolve them. In summary the bonding of carbon atoms leads to the formation of a large number of unique biological molecules with important functional groups. The unique properties of water are essential for life on earth.

Monomers form larger molecules by condensation reactions, dehydration and reduce a water molecule, forming a new bond. Large molecules can be degraded by hydrolysis. Hydrolysis adds a water molecule breaking a bond. A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks called monomers. A large number of different biological macromolecules can be made from only 40 to 50 common monomers classes of life's organic molecules that are polymers are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, in nucleic acids. Synthesis and breakdown of polymers are central to cellular metabolism.

Carbohydrates are used as fuel and burning material for cells. They include both sugars in their polymers, which often possess hydroxyl groups. Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars like glucose. These are commonly used as an energy source through converting them into other organic molecules. They're also often combined to synthesize polymers. Lucas can consist as a linear or cyclic configuration. Polysaccharides are many linked monosaccharides. Examples include starch and cellulose.

Lipids are a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules. They represent a class of large biological molecules that do not consist of polymers. They serve a major role in energy and in membrane structure and development. Saturated fat acids are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature. Steroids are lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings. In summary are macromolecules or polymers made up of different types monomeric units.

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