What is Alpha-Fetoprotein Testing?

The Alpha-Fetoprotein Test (AFP), also referred to as the Maternal Serum AFP or the Triple Screen Test, is a blood test performed on women between weeks 15 and 17 of their pregnancy. It is designed to measure the amount of AFP, a protein secreted by the fetal liver, in the mother's blood. It screens for Neural Tube Defects like, anencephaly (fetus forms with partially formed brain and spinal cord) and spina bifida. The test may also detect an omaphocele - a congenital problem in which some of the baby's intestines stick out through the belly wall. Furthermore, this type of prenatal test is recommended to pregnant mothers age 35 and older since it may reveal if the baby is likely to have Down Syndrome. Though the chances of having a baby with Down Syndrome does increase significantly as women age, statistics show that the majority of babies with Down Syndrome are born to women younger than 35.

What are the risks?

The test itself poses no severe risks; however, there may be rare instances of bruising, soreness or swelling in the arm where the blood was drawn from. Also, there is a risk of receiving a false-positive result. This means the test has determined that there is a problem with the baby, when in fact the baby is in good health.

What should be considered?

Of the positive results, 90% of these babies will not have any abnormalities. Remember, this is only a screening test - not a definitive diagnostic test. Unfortunately, a positive result leads to more invasive tests (Level II or III Ultrasound, Chorionic Villi Sampling and/or Amniocentesis) that do pose a risk to the pregnancy and baby. If, indeed, there is a problem with the baby's health, the parent(s) will have time to prepare for whatever additional medical care the child will need. It also allows time to prepare emotionally, physically, and spiritually for the journey that lies ahead.

Don't hesitate to bring your questions and concerns to your doctor and/or genetic counselor. This is a very personal decision that should be well thought through. I hope I have been able to shed some light on the process. Be sure to check my site often to get informed about other types of prenatal testing. God bless you!