What is Congenital Tracheomalacia?

Weakness or floppiness of the windpipe walls at the time of birth is called congenital tracheomalacia. It is uncommon and is where the trachea is not properly developed. Breathing difficulties start at birth because of this condition.

Symptoms

Noisy or rattling breaths, high-pitched breathing, breathing noise that changes with position but improve while sleeping, and breathing problems that intensify upon feeding, crying, coughing, or during upper respiratory infections.

Diagnosis

An x-ray can rule out other conditions and a physical exam can confirm congenital tracheomalacia. They may do a larngoscopy where the airway structure is seen. Other tests that may be ordered include a CT scan, lung function test, bronchoscopy, barium swallow, airway fluoroscopy, and an MRI.

Treatment

Infant treatment is typically antibiotics, careful feedings, and some humidified air. Babies are monitored during any respiratory infections. Surgery may be needed in rare cases, but most times the child will grow out of the symptoms. Usually this occurs around 18 to 24 months.

Complications

There can be aspiration pneumonia from food being inhaled by accident. Some children that are born with this condition may have other congenital defects. Some include heart defects, gastroesophageal reflux, or developmental delays. During any respiratory infection the person with congenital tracheomalacia must be monitored closely.

Source: A.D.A.M.