What is Diabetes Mellitus

The diabetes mellitus is an alarming disease to the present world. It is a metabolic disorder noticed among the people. The disease is caused due to hypo secretion (low secretion) of a hormone, namely Insulin. The hormone insulin is secreted by Islets of Langerhans. The Islets of Langerhans is an endocrine gland located in the pancreas. The Insulin lowers the blood sugar level. As soon as the digestion is over, the digested food materials are absorbed in the small intestine. So the blood glucose level in the blood is increased. The Islets of Langerhans secretes insulin. The secreted insulin enhances the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver. In some persons the secretion of insulin is low due to hypertension, obesity, heredity etc. Due to this hypo secretion of this hormone hyperglycemia (high glucose level in blood) is the result. The hyperglycemia causes diabetes mellitus.

Symptoms:

There are many symptoms are noticed among the diabetic patients. They are:

1. They excrete large amount of urine (polyurea).

2. They feel hungry always and consume large amount of food (polyphagia).

3. They consume large amount of water (polydipsia).

4. The glucose may be excreted in the urine.

5. They will be tired very soon.

6. They are having pain in muscles and bones.

7. They are having less sense in the foot and tip of the fingers.

The patients may have all or some of the symptoms mentioned above.

EFFECTS OF DIABETES:

The uncontrolled diabetes may cause serious ill effects from top to bottom of our body. The diabetes may cause stroke (Brain), retinopathy (loss of vision), heart attack, kidney failure, etc. The diabetic patient may have heart attack without any symptoms (pain in the chest and shoulder) of heart attack. This type of heart attack is called as silent heart attack.

CONTROL OF DIABETES:

The diabetes can be controlled by proper exercises like walking, cycling, swimming etc. and reduction of carbohydrates and fat in the diet. The patients should not consume chunk foods. They have to reduce the consumption of rice, sugar and tubers. The oily food materials should be avoided. They should avoid fried foods. They have to consume large amount of greens and vegetables. They should take fruits and salads. The body weight should be properly maintained. The blood sugar level may be maintained by above methods. If the diabetes is controlled properly, we can avoid the harmful effects of diabetes like stroke, retinopathy, heart attack, kidney failure etc.