What is a Pangolin?

The pangolin is a fascinating animal. It was once thought to be related to the anteater, so it is sometimes referred to as the scaly anteater. This is not the case however. Pangolins are now classified in their own Family Manidae, and have only one genus, Manis. They have their own order called Pholidota. There are five subgenera of pangolin and seven species. They are found in Asia and Africa.

The name of the Order, Pholidota, means "scaled animals. The large scales are attached to the animal's skin at their base. Scales cover the entire body except for the face and underbelly of the animal. The scales are brown, but may discolor as the pangolin ages. To protect its soft skin, the pangolin can curl up and tuck its head into its body, allowing its armor plating to protect it. The pangolin has a cone shaped head and a long tongue, and has no teeth.

Pangolins live in forested areas, and on savannahs or open brush land. They usually dig burrows to live in, or take over old burrows left by other animals. They close over the entrance when they are inside. Most pangolins are nocturnal, but some do come out in the day. Pangolins primarily feed on ants and termites, although they may eat other insects they encounter. The animal's thick scales protect it from insect bites.

Unless they are in danger, pangolins move slowly. When they walk on all fours, their toes are doubled under, and their nails are placed on the ground. They essentially walk on their knuckles. They do not use their claws defensively, since their ability to curl into themselves serves as adequate protection. They are also able to emit a foul smell, which discourages predators.

Pangolins usually live alone or in pairs. Babies can be born year round, and are usually limited to one or two per litter. The young cling to their mother's back or tail as she moves. The gestation period is about four and a half months. When they newborn emerges, its scales are soft, and they harden on the second day of their life. Pangolins are known to curl up around their young to protect them if they are endangered.

Pangolin numbers have decreased due to habitat destruction and human hunting. They are hunted locally for meat, and their scales are highly prized as natural remedies by some peoples. In addition, they are sometimes hunted for their skin, which is used to make leather goods. Some countries include the pangolin amongst their endangered species lists.