What is Trichomoniasis?

Trichomoniasis is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD). It is caused by a parasite, Trichomonas Vaginalis (T. Vaginalis). Trichomoniasis infects both sexes, but, for reasons as yet uncertain, it appears to have a higher incidence in women.

2) How widespread is trichomoniasis?

The CDC reports 7.4 million new cases of trichomoniasis in the US yearly. Worldwide, the number rises to a staggering 180 million new trichomoniasis cases every year.

3) How is trichomoniasis transmitted?

Trichomoniasis is an STD. It is transmitted through vaginal intercourse. Infected mothers can pass trichomoniasis to their babies during delivery (vertical transmission). Because the trichomoniasis parasite can survive outside the human body for up to almost one hour, transmission is also possible through contact of the genital area with wet or damp clothes (e.g. swimsuits) and towels.

4) What are the symptoms of trichomoniasis?

Most infected men and approximately half of infected women may have no symptoms at all. When symptoms are present, infected women may experience a yellow-green, malodorous vaginal discharge, itching in the genital area, discomfort or pain during intercourse (dyspareunia), and painful urination (dysuria). In men, symptoms of trichomoniasis infection include discharge from the urethra, painful urination (dysuria), and itching in the genital area. However, the real trouble with trichomoniasis is not so much the symptoms as the potential complications.

5) What are the complications of trichomoniasis?

If not detected and treated, trichomoniasis can cause chronic damage to tissues and organs of the genitourinary system. Evidence suggests an association of trichomoniasis with cervical cancer, premature delivery, female infertility, and a higher risk of HIV transmission.

6) Who is at risk for trichomoniasis?

Sexually active adolescents and adults, especially if they practice unprotected sex and/or have multiple partners and a history of STD infections (especially gonorrhea).

7) Is there a cure for trichomoniasis?

Yes. Trichomoniasis is curable with certain antibiotics (mainly metronidazole).

8) How is trichomoniasis diagnosed?

In women, trichomoniasis can be detected during a pelvic exam and/or with a Pap smear. Specialized lab tests on urethral fluid can diagnose trichomoniasis in men.

9) Who should be tested for trichomoniasis?

An annual test for trichomoniasis is recommended for all sexually active people, even if they are asymptomatic, especially if they practice unsafe sex and/or have multiple sexual partners . Symptomatic individuals should seek medical assistance asap. Pregnant women are tested for trichomoniasis as part of the routine prenatal screening.

10) How can trichomoniasis be prevented?

Abstinence, mutual monogamy with an uninfected partner, safe sex practices, education, regular testing, and open communication with one's sexual partner(s) are effective preventive measures against trichomoniasis.